Batteries are very versatile transmission resources, and based on preliminary screening studies we’ve done in the PJM footprint, one potential use for batteries and similar storage devices is for daily peak shaving. Reasonably short investment recovery periods appear to be available in several PJM load zones based on 2018 hourly incremental cost numbers. 

This is a perfect example of one of many types of opportunities that batteries could provide while still allowing other secondary uses such as spinning reserve, or black start, or even contingency mitigation. It must be recognized that these potential uses vary from one place on the network to the other and must be vetted adequately to recognize their usefulness but, batteries are clearly a versatile tool that can now be used in many transmission applications.