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MVA in CO2 Storage Project - Subsurface Monitoring & Lessons Learned
Geologic storage of anthropogenic CO2 has gained recognition in recent years as a promising strategy for reducing greenhouse gas emissions.
Risk-based MVA plans for geologic carbon storage projects are critical for project success. The plans must focus three Areas:
- Subsurface Monitoring
- Near-Surface Monitoring
- Atmospheric monitoring.
This article overviews subsurface Monitoring
MAIN HIGHLIGTS
- Subsurface is at the heart where injection takes place. A careful reservoir characterization, baseline development and MVA planning will reduce risk of plume migration beyond Area-of-Review and out of zone reducing the cost and efforts in near-surface and subsurface monitoring
- Risk Identification, putting controls, managing mitigation plans can drastically reduce the risks and adverse consequences
- The regulatory requirement for underground storage in saline aquifer using EPA Class VI wells is much more involving then underground storage using well established CO2/EOR using EPA Class II wells.
- Most techniques techniques and tools for CO2 monitoring were originally developed for oil & gas reservoir development.
- EPA does not specify the specific methodology or instruments, rather it specifies requirements
- Pressure fall-off test once in 5 years
- Monitor extent of injected CO2 plume
- Presense or absence of elevated pressures
- Internal and external well integrity
- The overview benefits and challenges of subsurface methodologies for monitoring is presented for project CO2 developers
- Wireline Logging tools (cased/Openhole)
- Welbore deployed tools (Well integrity)
- Welbore fluid sampling (protection of USDW aquifers)
- Seismic methods (Surface seismic (2D/3D,), VSP, crosswalk Seismic, microseismic)
- Gravity methods
- Electrical methods
KEY TAKEAWAYS
A key lesson and common theme is that each project site/geology is unique. This means that the development of the MVA plan needs to be designed to address specific site/geology characteristics and should involve an integrated team of experts from multiple technical and non-technical disciplines.
MVA in CO2 Storage Project - Subsurface Monitoring & Lessons Learned
Monitoring, Verification and Accounting (MVA) plan is critical for ensuring safe and permanent storage of CO2 in all types of subsurface formations. MVA plans need to be flexible and site-specific to account for variability inherent in subsurface geologic
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