Legacy, renewables and smart grid
The path taken by developed countries in the electricity sector can be analyzed in three stages:
1st) Legacy
Historically, generation was centralized in large units whose main characteristic was the possibility of being "dispatched" to meet market demand.
2nd) Renewables
The massive introduction of renewable energy (especially solar and wind) brought new challenges, especially because they are not "firm", like traditional sources.
3rd) Smart
Grid A list of programs then emerged to deal with the intermittency of non-firm sources, such as demand response, the requirement to install batteries to make them viable, among others.
In Brazil, we urgently need to "scale up" our vision so that we do not remain at the bottom of the market (we are among the most expensive in $/kWh when compared to the BRICS).