Toyota has been a skeptic when putting all its eggs into the electric vehicle (EV) basket. It has had limited success with the Mirai, the first commercial hydrogen fuel cell car. Its vehicle lineup is dominated by internal combustion engine (ICE) cars and trucks that use gasoline and diesel fuels. It also has well-established expertise with hybrid-powered vehicles that combine batteries and small ICE powerplants. Now it is looking at using ammonia as a fuel in ICE vehicles. Ammonia produced today for fertilizers and other products is carbon intensive. Green ammonia would eliminate carbon emissions both in the fuel used and at the end of tailpipes. There are challenges to overcome in bringing ammonia-powered cars to the market to compete with the growing number of EVs. Can Toyota succeed?
